The mission of the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan or TNP2K) is to coordinate poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia. As part of its tasks, TNP2K conducts and commissions research reports and studies with the objective of facilitating and informing evidence based policy planning (http://www.tnp2k.go.id). 

This work is a product of the staff of the Demographic Institute, Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K), the Government of Indonesia or the Government of Australia. 

Support for this publication has been provided by the Australian Government through the Poverty Reduction Support Facility (PRSF).