We explore whether economic growth, equity and conservation goals can be achieved
simultaneously, in two biodiversity-rich landscapes. Our approach compares a „business as usual‟
scenario against a „green economies‟ scenario, to assess the contribution each scenario makes
to economic development; equity (including poverty reduction); ecosystem service provision;
biodiversity; and the sustainability of these outcomes. In the Atlantic Forest of Brazil we assess
the economic impacts of ongoing efforts to recover a fragmented, degraded ecosystem in a
densely populated area. In the wilderness region of Papua and Papua Barat, Indonesia, we
explore the implications of different scenarios for timber and palm oil on growth and equity.